When a child struggles to follow instructions, mixes up words that have similar sounds, or seems distracted in noisy setting, parents may question if hearing loss is the issue. But in some situations, the issue may not be with the ears at all: It could be a condition called auditory processing disorder (APD).
Even though hearing loss and Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) frequently present with similar signs, they are distinct conditions that necessitate unique analyses and treatments. Below, we’ll break down the main differences to help you support your child’s distinct needs.
Comprehending Hearing Impairment: A Definition.
Impaired auditory function, also known as hearing loss, takes place when an individual’s capacity to sense sound is decreased, frequently resulting from issues impacting the outer, middle, or inner ear.
Three key classifications:
- Conductive hearing loss: Caused by blockages or damage in the outer or middle ear (like ear infections or wax accumulation)
- Sensorineural hearing loss: Consists of damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, typically due to aging, noise exposure, or genetics
- Mixed hearing loss: A mix of conductive and sensorineural types
Physicians usually make a diagnosis through conventional hearing tests like audiograms, otoacoustic emissions, or auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing. If a child suffers from hearing loss, the problem lies in their ability to detect sound to begin with.
What Does Auditory Processing Disorder Mean?
In contrast, APD is not associated with hearing problems, but instead a neurological issue that affects the brain’s ability to process and comprehend auditory information. Children with Auditory Processing Disorder might have normal hearing, but they struggle to interpret and comprehend the sounds they hear.
It’s commonly referred to as “perceiving sounds without grasping their meaning.”
Some common challenges include:
- Trouble understanding and executing verbal instructions involving numerous steps
- Trouble differentiating similar sounds or words
- Having trouble focusing in noisy settings (such as schools or busy eateries)
- Misinterpreting jokes, sarcasm, or figurative language
Because the ears work normally, a standard hearing test may come back showing no issues. But that doesn’t mean all is working as it should. In APD, the malfunction occurs after sound is detected, during processing in the central auditory nervous system.
How Testing and Diagnosis Vary
Audiologists employ conventional auditory evaluations to detect hearing impairments by evaluating an individual’s ability to perceive sound. Identifying Auditory Processing Disorder involves more in-depth evaluations that extend beyond standard hearing evaluations.
Evaluations frequently involve a multidisciplinary team, including:
- A hearing specialist to assess how the brain senses sound
- A speech-language pathologist to assess language comprehension and communication
- A psychologist to rule out attention or learning differences that may appear similar to APD
Treatment and Support Options
If your child is diagnosed with hearing loss, treatment may include:
- Hearing aids
- Cochlear implants
- Assistive listening devices
- Medical or surgical interventions
Or, if your child is diagnosed with APD, assistance typically involves:
- Speech-language therapy
- Classroom accommodations (e.g., seating changes, written instructions)
- Environmental modifications to reduce background noise
- Auditory processing therapy
Some Final Thoughts About Hearing Loss vs. APD
Understanding the difference between hearing loss and auditory processing disorder is essential for getting your child the right help. If your child seems to have a hard time listening but their hearing test is normal, don’t stop there. The real problem may only be identified by more in-depth assessments. Children with the proper diagnosis and personalized treatment strategy can succeed academically, in their home environment, and in various other aspects of their lives.
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Sources:.
About Hearing Loss in Children|Hearing Loss in Children|CDC.
Auditory processing disorder (APD)– Symptoms and causes– Mayo Clinic.
Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss: Key Differences.
Understanding the Differences: Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss|Hearing.
Associates of Las Vegas.
Auditory Processing Disorder (for Parents)|Nemours KidsHealth.
